DRY CHILLI AND PODWER CHILLI

foreword

 

dry chilli is one of [the] chilli product the processing easiest. chilli is dried or dehydrated until be 5% degree. afterwards, dry chilli can mengemas and marketted,  or milled until soft be powder chilli before mengemas and marketted.

 

dry chilli and powder chilli be one of [the] that agricultural produce commodity,  or at input to processing big industrial. powder dry chilli changeable be various food product like sauce, chutney,  or another flavor.

 

ingredient

 

ripe chilli fruit and flat red.

calcium metabisulfit or natrium bisulphite.

 

device

 

knife and cutter covering. this tool is used to split fresh chilli so that the dehydration process quicker.

dryer. this tool is used to dry fresh chilli is dry chilli. in this time available various dryer plan with various hot source (sun hot, oil fuel, ember stone and husk). if available hot sun enough available, dehydration can be done with dry in the sun by using winnow, mat,  or bamboo plait as container to dry in the sun.

pan. this tool is used to blanching (soak chilli in arutan hot bisulphite).

stove.

hammer mill. this tool is used to mill dry chilli until soft. for small scale,  or for household, rice mill can

done by using blender.

 

maker manner

 

stalk exile and wash. chilli is throwed away the stalk. part that broken and rotten throwed away. afterwards chilli is washed until clean,  and at leak.

cleavage. chilli is splitted lengthwise and unnecessary seed is throwed away. this cleavage can speed up dehydration process. even though, economical deliberation necessary is given because activity many want energy and cost.

 

blanching

solution preparation sulfit hot (0,2%). calcium metabisulfit or natrium bisulphite as much as 20 gram melted into every 20 clean water litres. then this solution is heated until boil. after boil, fire is lessened merely watch over permanent solution boils.

 

immersion in solution sulfit hot. chilli is dyed into solution sulfit hot and stirred up during 3 minutes. every 1 kg chilli needs 2 solution litres sulfit. afterwards, chilli is lifted and at leak. seed from chilli that splitted a lot loose at the (time) of immersion. seed that loose also lifted and at leak. this solution usable recurrent.

dehydration process after blanching, chilli alongs with the seed soon dried or at dry by means of dryer. dehydration temperature may not more than 75 °c,  and best temperature 70 ° c. dehydration is done until water degree less than 9%. chilli water degree has achieved 9% asa dry if kneaded with palm.

 

rice mill. dry chilli is milled until soft (50 mesh) by using hammer mill. refining can also by using blender if ingredient total that be cultivated bot many.

packaging. dry chilli,  or powder chilli Resemble in tightly closed plastic pocket. plastic sack that overlayed thin plastic to holds back aqueous vapour from outside also can be used to Resemble dry chilli or powder chilli in gross. chilli Resemble this must be kept in place dry and not hot. 

 

 

TIPS CLEAN GROUND WATER

to overcome water quality like that, so can be used several programmes like to follow:

 

1. prepare can or drum former large size paint as much as 2 fruit.

 

2. each loaded mobile carbon ingredients (or can also use charcoal batok coconut), fibre of palmtree, zeolite, red brick or crucial that refined.

 

3. ground water input rice pestle beru pumped to into can.

 

4. so water formerly iron smell and muddy will be clear and takberbau.

 

water will not make white clothes will be yellow, appear bathroom likes is not administered and skin is darker. but water even safe to mengonsumsi. but such try consultation formerly or water condition cheque to lab to be more convince us about safe or not it if at consumption.

 

congratulation try.

 

 

HOUSEHOLD SCALE WATER SCREENING

need clean water will be yearned for for every we, even less in the rains this time, need clean water will be to increase. for the reason need a effective technology to helps conditon above. picture above household scale simple water screening whom i shall borrow pustekkom (2004) that can help to overcome troubleshoot clean water crisis.

 

depurating steps as follows:

 

1.       water first time loaded in top-ranking part with dirty water or water that be cleaned. then at add alum that functioned as koagulan that can help to precipate dirts (flok) are mud ready for throwed away. chlorine gift as desinfectant can be given in this stage,  but can has also optional. pemberiaan chlorine is done to kill dangerous bacteria for human well-being.

 

2.       in second stage is channelled to pass sand media and gravel. second this media functioneds to hold back particle that still to fly (suspension) underwater, so that supposed later water that pass this media is water in a condition clear and a little pregnancy flok.

 

3.       in stage furthermore, water is channelled to fibre of palmtree media and charcoal. this media gift is meant so that water that still found pregnancy flok be clearer, while charcoal functioneds to cause the loss of water taste, colour,  and smell not delicious that disturb our comfort imbibe water.

 

4.       water latest stage is clear such as those which we intended. in this stage was allowed to give chlorine returned as anticipation at the (time) of screening process a while ago still found dangerous bacteria for our body well-being.

 

processing kind above actually embryo for company drinking water entire indonesias in apply teknnologi big scale water processing. in processing above found water processing units often applied at company drinking water, that is: koagulation, flokulation, sedimentation, filtration,  and desinfektion. koagulation, flokulation, sedimentation,  and desinfektion found in stage first time screening (see picture at on). while filtration found in second stage and third that is shaped sand media installing, gravel, charcoal and fibre of palmtree.

 

obvious our ancestor is indirectly gives valuable lesson to us all. now how with ourselves? , has we done innovation valuable for our descendants later? . congratulation work, good we give birth to very work that can be recalled during the time

OPERATE TOOL AND FISH CULTIVACATION ENGINE

A. OPERATE TOOL AND POOL PUMP ENGINE

 

A. WATER PUMP

pump a tool to channel fluid from a low static conditon to tall static pressure, this aim reachable with a few manner, that is:

a.       with give static pressure in fluid,

b.       with give mechanical work in fluid by using sudu, this mechanical work is partly for uplifts pressure passes centrifugal style and current speed change,

c.       with where a activator media channelled with kecapatn tall into low speed fluid flow,

d.       with mix air pressure in liquid fluid

 

pump kind

pump many used in fish cultivation activity pump with centrifugal principle (rotation), kinds from pump kind among others:

1.       low pressure pump,

2.       intermediate pressure pump,

3.       high pressure pump,

4.       pump with one fan,

5.       pump with interest from one fan.

 

profit from centrifugal pump use

a.       lighter treatment cost,

b.       lighter foundation,

c.       space that need smaller,

d.       can be moved direct with electromotor or diesel motor,

e.       can be used to pump dirty water,

f.         can give water then so that can not need wind kettle installing,

g.       reachable tall suck larger ones.

 

pump parts

parts from centrifugal pump consist:

a.       pump axis,

b.       aqueduct enters,

c.       aqueduct out,

d.       fan (empeler)

e.       pump house,

f.         alcove space,

g.       round disc,

h.       axis pin (axis),

i.         throat,

j.         around speed (u),

k.       relative speed (w),

l.         absolute speed (c),

 

work principle

1.       containing alcove space empeler (fan) that be rotor consists from round disc as patron sudu, axis impeler installed with nut. hydrogen enters to pass side enter impeler then flow to pass impeler to bun of hair space and from here depressed to channel outside mengerucut to commutator presses.

2.       in bun of hair begins narrow part that is called with throat that serve hydrogen relocation that depressed leh fan haves to change dynamic current in a few level into static current,

3.       pump setrifugal will work normal when pump house hole, ante-room sudu impler and channel sucks full hydrogen. because rotation impler hydrogen between sudu begin rolling because mechanical style from sudu and hydrogen little parts get around speed u. speed u this painted from circle tangent impeler. centrifugal style is got hydrogen time between sudu at a speed of around u, if pressure enough overcome opponent pressure in artery presses hydrogen between sudu begin to flow and part - little part walks in channel between sudu and around centre with relative speed w, because this speed so will emerge absolute speed c meripa resultante from speed above.

4.       speed u, w and c got hydrogen because energy that developed with n part that move given in hydrogen. this energy total gives alirabn hydrogen movement existence so that current speed increases from u1, w1,  and c1 in circle around enters and in circle around out as big as u2, w2 and c2.

 

B. GENERATOR

generator is electricity current sender tool, found three current sources that is:

1.       battery, produce voltage that come from the happening of chemistry process,

2.       thermocouple, produce voltage that come different temperature existence in meeting points from certain metal,

3.       generator, produce voltage from electromagnetic influence existence.

 

generator is primal current source, laboring based on principle that when does rolling conductor wire spool between two magnetic pole. incidence voltage is caused because rotatory conductor wire spool cuts magnetic field style

 

or on the contrary where does rotatory magnetic pole so that causes magnet style field cut conductor spool

 

C. AERATOR

aerator or air-pump can overcome oxygen deficit in aquarium without aquarium vast increase. suppose we see existing aquarium air bubbles sepeintas likes water movement from spring, actually bubble produced by aerator. aerator be air movement to on that evoke water movement from under to on and on the contrary. effect [of] this water movement, of course when reach on water, air bubble will correlating diffusion with free air. at the (time) of diffusion usually there are some oxygen on the air brought water. on the contrary karbondioksida in water looses into the air free. consequence ger this water, so startifikasi in water doesn't happen again. besides main function a while ago, aerator often used as artistic tool for increase the hoisterous of aquarium atmosphere.

 

aerator can be moved by electric power (ac) and battery (dc). aerator battery usually only used at the (time) of electricity dies or for fish transportation. while common used aerator that moved by energy listik. seen from the expenditure hole aerator, aerator usually divided two kinds. aerator that has two holes mengahsil strength big enough while perforated one smaller the strengths. its use at aquarium aerator this helped by plastic interval and stone aeration.

 

parts aerator

1. house aerator,

2. dynamo,

3. lempengan iron,

4. rubber pemompa,

5. expenditure channel (oulet)

6. electricity electrical plug.

 

work principle

1.       electric power will evoke magnet style in a spool that can to move to progress to retreat a iron plate.

2.       at the end of this iron relateds with a semicircular rubber, evoke movement pumps.

3.       result air pompaan this is future out pass expenditure hole.

 

big the so small air that produced of course very base on big the so small pump activator rubber and spool that move.

 

D. BLOWER

blower in principle much the same to with aerator that is air bubble producer or air-pump activator final aim to increase oxygen pregnancy at fish cultivation container. but the pumping strength very big, so that blower this often used as oxygen source at decoration fish germination houses and shrimp. blower this moved with energy from electricity.

 

E. FILTER

to watch over water cleanliness in aquarium be be need filter that can filtered aquarium pollutant. this filter must can work automatic suck dirty water and take outside clean water. water polluting in aquarium can be caused by plants that die, fish pigswill, fish dirt and another ingredients. polluting asa once if is given that product food from various flour formed ingredient that can make muddy water.

 

dirty water at aquarium or fish cultivation container basically caused by physical character and biology. has physical, sand for example that stirred or sediment, leaf dirts that die and other as it. while has biological caused by organic ingredient pregnancy that come from fish dirt and woof remainder decomposition that can make to grow mould at aquarium.

 

found three filters that used at aquarium, that is:

1. filter base (undergravel filter),

2. filter hangs (floating filter),

3. filter on (top filter).

 

filter base

filter base reside in base akarium. this filter consist of perforated plate that is equiped with lengthways pipe that can be released to be passed by water so that happen current. water movement is maked by push existence from aerator. this filter is closed by koraltek or stone coloured rock.

 

procedure

1. simple enough the work principle, that is dirty water be sucked downwards.

2. this straw is caused by air push existence in upright pipe that hollow fragment.

3. this air is produced by plastic interval that related with a aerator

4. thereby air current magnitude or filter strength very base on air magnitude future pump water.

 

filter hangs

filter hangs to reside in middle aquarium, where does the activator motor occupied a waterproof room and air. so that when operated, current can out enter at ease happen short current connection. this filter consists of two principal components, that is component half under shaped activator motor and while part on consist of filter unit shaped holes that can be opened enclosing.

 

procedure

1.       after filter is embeddinged in place at desire, cable end is putted into to whoa contact

2.       after there electric current, direct filter works, a ir will enter to pass part under at elbow filter motor and out via part on so that happen rotation in aquarium.

3.       water to lauar from filter then pass filter fiber containing holes and mobile carbon to holds back dirt.

 

filter on

this filter is worn for king sized aquarium,  and reside in on aquarium and protected by enclosing aquarium. this filter consists of plastic stick that reside in in water and filter unit apart outside water.

 

procedure

1.       water will be sucked to on via plastic pipe, because pump movement.

2.       after pass by several filter fiber containing rooms and mobile carbon, water will fall to return to aquarium.

 

F. HEATER

so that water temperature in akuariaum or cultivation container as according to rules is need adan heater or thermostat. heater and thermostat be two tools same the work principle,  but its for differ. heater be a heater element set full glass tube that functioneds when flowed electricity current. heater element in heater formed little wire that rolls in very long and resemble spiral. heater element in thermostat simpleer because only shaped several points fruits that related with cable and hindrance.

 

 

B. CARE TOOL AND POOL PUMP ENGINE

 

A. WATER PUMP

treatment technique

in important water pump treatment this tool must protected from rainwater influence, so that can not happen rust that can evoke loss. also another weather influence that can evoke damage in water pump, for example happens flood so that pump stagnates, can evoke short current in activator motor.

 

pump parts

parts from centrifugal pump consist:

a. pump axis,

b. aqueduct enters,

c. aqueduct out,

d. fan (empeler)

e. pump house,

f. alcove space,

g. round disc,

h. axis pin (axis),

i. throat,

j. around speed (u),

k. relative speed (w),

l. absolute speed (c),

 

above mentioned pump parts all necessary get treatment according to periodically so that all parts can work well, necessary payed in activator motor part from diesel motor necessary oil verification and water refrigerators don't until deficit so that doesn't evoke worn-out to engine.

 

 

treatment procedure

1.       investigate water pump conditon according to periodically, so that stay in good conditon every is need

2.       pump must always in a state of clean not closed by dirt from tumpahan oil or dust

3.       write to when pump use, with register parts everything that replaced sparepart

 

B. GENERATOR

treatment technique

as according to generator function as electricity source, so this engine treatment is of vital importance once. generator must be kept in location apart so that the voice must not disturb activity other, also this engine treatment must be done according to periodically.

 

treatment procedure

1.       investigate generator conditon according to periodically, so that stay in good conditon every is need

2.       generator must always in a state of clean not closed by dirt from tumpahan oil or dust

3.       write to when generator use, with register parts everything that replaced sparepart so that can be determined age wear from sparepart.

 

C. AERATOR

aerator be oxygen producer in fish cultivation container, by because that's existence aerator of vital importance once especially the endurance and the existence so that can be used every moment.

 

parts aerator

1. house aerator,

2. dynamo,

3. lempengan iron,

4. rubber pemompa,

5. expenditure channel (oulet)

6. electricity electrical plug.

7. plastic interval

8. stone aerasi

 

part aerator necessary get attention to always inspected pump activator rubber part, because this part will be part then will work regularly so that long too long will experience wearing out.

 

so also with stone aerasi must often be cleaned so that produce small ones air bubble and many.

 

treatment procedure

1.       investigate conditon aerator according to periodically, so that stay in good conditon and road every need

2.       aerator must always in a state of clean not closed by dirt, especially dust.

3.       pump rubber part must be inspected according to periodically,  and if worn-out must be replaced so that produce optimal pumping level.

 

D. FILTER

as does with filter another device necessary inspected according to periodically, so that can be known to what the way tool good or not. filter part that must be inspected according to periodically motor part and wash or replaced filters hole or replaced filter stone.

 

treatment procedure

1.       investigate filter conditon according to periodically, so that stay in good conditon and road every need

2.       filter must always in a state of clean not closed by dirt, especially mould

3.       filter motor part and filter must be inspected according to periodically,

4.       filter and filter stone must be washed or replaced, if power filter it to begin to decrease

 

E. HEATER

important in maintenance heatar don't until heater in a state of operation (mobile) but water in akuariaum or basin in a state of dry or empty, this matter can causes heater too hot final can on fire (made wrapper part from glass broken).

 

treatment procedure

1.       investigate conditon heater according to periodically, so that stay in good conditon and road every need

2.       heater must always in a state of clean not closed by dirt, especially mould or another dirt

3.       after be used heater must be kept in dry place and not moist.

 

C. REPAIR LIGHT DAMAGE TOOL ANG POOL PUMP ENGINE

 

A. WATER PUMP

damage cause factor

1.       damage in water pump usually caused by flood so that pump and activator motor stagnates water, so that causes short current that can evoke dynamo fire in activator motor.

2.       rubbish or stoppage dirt in fan (empeler)

 

repair technique

1.       investigate water pump conditon, clean pump and activator motor from dirt because flood. if happen short current that causess damage in activator motor (dynamo), open motor part and change or improve with spool or bew dynamo.

2.       damage that caused by fan part the stopper tar, repairable with open pump part then clean this part from rubbish or dirt. so that rubbish is not sucked to return, at the end of pipe is installed filter.

 

B. GENERATOR

damage cause factor

·         because generator functioneds as that power station then menerus, so damage cause in generator usually happen because sparepart in a state of worn-out.

 

repair technique

·         overhaul part thin bamboo (broken)s, then change with spaerepart bew.

 

C. AERATOR

damage cause factor

1.       because aerator or blower the work then menerus without desist, part often broken or worn-out pump activator rubber.

2.       besides aerator supporter part from process aerasi at container stone aeration,  and otherwise often cleaned, process aeration will decrease because stone aeration stoppage by dirt.

 

repair technique

1.       open house aerator or blower change pump activator rubber that worn-out (broken) with newly, investigate also the other parts perhaps there necessary replaced.

2.       stone cleaning aeration can be done by brush stone aeration with brush so that dirt that clog stone holes aeration can be caused.

 

D. FILTER

damage cause factor

1.       damage often happen in filter halangnya filter fiber containing filter house part and mobile carbon by fish dirt or woof remainder is not eaten

2.       another damage sometimes found in filter, especially in filter on broken it sucker fan and axis.

treatment technique

1.       kill electric current to filter by pull whoa electricity contact, then lift filter from container, open filter house.

2.       after opened, clean filter fiber and mobile carbon by washes with clean water, afterwards dry with dried be sunshine.

3.       suppose filter fiber too long has been worn, if after washed also coloured permanent dark (dirty). so this filter fiber is necessary is replaced with newly.

 

E. HEATER

damage cause factor

·         damage cause in heater, usually happen because superlative heating (over heating). this matter happens if we forget pull whoa electricity contact moment time lifts heater from container, so that function heater then walk and final heater too hot,  and final can causes broken element wrapper glass.

 

treatment technique

·         investigate conditon heater according to periodically, so that stay in good conditon and road every need. to repair heater that broken, so difficult done, best manner with replaceds with heater bew.

 

OVERCOME CREDIT CARD PAYMENT PROBLEM

as according to indonesia bank rules, so counted begin your claim is payment next month minimum as big as 10 percents from your claim total magnitude.

 

if you have credit card, you certain get notification such as those which as described on. yes, since beginning year this, you must pay minimal bigger instalment at compare previous only 6 percents from claim. so, if you have claim $2000, must pay minimal $200. while previous, you" free" if pay $120.

 

rule really invite many hard reactions from customers. while indonesia bank take outside that rule be made exactly to spur on person so that soon can finish the debt and not drowsy with payment minimum final be load that congest.

 

but for rule credit card user will decrease quotum for the other post payment. but how again. the name we are as side debt. so to want doesn't want must come along rule of the game that give debt.

 

well that must we look for the solution how overcome that rule problem? as long as this is at beginning year, identical with new plans, so hereunder i shall try affection 5 matters that to face new regulation.

 

1. pay formerly, don't postponed

there wrong habit often we do in pay credit card. fund is taken after all needs or willing is fulfilled. that also if still remainder. sure this is bot true. if really want to pay, yes don't postpone. for example, you are date payday 25. yes pay your claim soon after payday, although payment due, for example stills date 10 and you not yet get claim details. best, you are permanent soon pay. what does magnitude, hat computable. so bothing;there is no reason to postpone.

 

2. specify what that ready you pay before you genuinely wear the card.

this one of [the] manner to regulate your expenditure. say last month your claim zero. then, you are expense at amount of store, where your claim total for this month $250. well, after you do payment as big as $250 for that claim, will try to specify what value that you will pay for next month. for example, $250 again. the effect, in in front of, nature under aware you will say that you can not shop more than $250. thereby, supposed you will be more focus and discipline towards your expenditure. not ever  wear this manner?

 

3. use selection wisely.

come on deh, honest, sometimes we belittle minimal claim total magnitude 10 percents. but you are aware not that your credit card per annum burden interest very big - can around 42 percents - for oustanding invoice can not be liquidated? so if you buy a ps3 player the price $1000, so in 12 total months that must you pay can around $1420. wow, almost half it yes? . monstrous? so, try to wear your card only when are you sure that you pay the claim.

 

4. card priority with low flower.

you have more than one card? well begin to prioritise use in card that burden lowest interest. why? this is because moment pay claim, a part your payment is pays flower. so if you pay only minimal as big as 10 percents, so 3,5 the percents pay interest. lost kan? so, henceforth, if you have more than one card, card priority with bottommost interest in advance.

 

really, card minimal payment reformation from 6 percents is 10 percents there surplus and the deficit self. but optimist as one who there is nothing wrong, we see a certain from any good. then, where the good change? that credit card debt quicker will be paid. yes not?

 

then, how with consequence that you may be sacrifice expenditure post other? true, if you have dared debt, mean the consequence, you are permanent must pay although that enough heavy.

 

 

then, make are there credit card? main profit only one: you are unnecessary brings mint of money cashes every time does goods purchasing transaction and service. conceive if you must mention cash $500 until $1000 at your purse, while you must often take a trip with city bus.

 

return to claim a while ago. how if you not liquidate all at once? there interest that must you pay. magnitude around 2 until 3,5 percents from claim total not yet paid.

 

if you don't want to pay totally your claim, credit card usually give ease shaped minimal payment rule. magnitude varies, around 5 - 10 percents from your claim total is month.

 

problem usually begin to appear when you begin accustomed dislike to liquidate claim fully. you only liquidate minimal claim every the month. temporary frequency and credit card use value rather than decrease but even increase.

 

example, june month credit card use total 1000. when does claim come, only liquidated as big as $150. in july, the use total $1500. when does claim come, only as big as $250 the amortisasi. in august, the use total $2000. when does claim come, only as big as $350 the amortisasi. so then.

 

well, because every total will not be liquidated be hitted interest around 2 - 3,5 percents per month, so at one time certain, claim total very tall so that you will not can again liquidate it all at once. when does credit card total you have there many, more difficulter you get out of claim trap.

 

then who wrong? is bank credit card publisher? not, father and mother. the problem frequently lay in card user self. a lot consider or laid credit card as money addition tool. so, in mind they, has credit card with use limit 4000, for example, that is same like income addition as big as 4000.

 

as is the case? not. that card only cash successor tool. every your time wears card, mean there your money that decreases to pay goods price or service whom you buy.

 

really, there are some credit card publisher bank that give added value to the card, like various insurence, electronic goods, until free holiday out country. good, but permanent you must aware, only one credit card function: cash temporary subsitute.

 

for you in this time trapped problem with credit card, don't blame your card publisher bank. they not wrong anything. don't also blame your self, because consider yesterday that you really not yet knew many strategy exercises used credit card. best you do one: pay slow your claim. call card publisher bank because they can give best amortisasi efforts solution for you.

 

speak about credit card, also often i find that credit card use problem often appear because system less correct in finance management at family.